ArticleMuscle & nerve2026
Follow-Up Studies of Nerve Ultrasound and Motor Conduction in Patients With Autoimmune Nodopathy.
Article in Muscle & nerve, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION/
aimsThis study aimed to investigate long-term ultrasound and electrophysiological follow-up findings and their associations with antibody (Ab) titers in patients with autoimmune nodopathy. Longitudinal data correlating imaging, electrophysiological changes, and Ab dynamics remain scarce.
methodsA total of 16 patients with autoimmune nodopathy were prospectively recruited between August 2016 and July 2025. Patients underwent follow-up clinical, electrophysiological, and ultrasound assessments at intervals of approximately 6-12 months. Bilateral nerve ultrasound was performed on the median nerve, ulnar nerve, and brachial plexus in all patients, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed concurrently. The median follow-up duration was 13.5 months.
resultsCross-sectional area (CSA) changes were significantly associated with Ab titer changes (p = 0.010). The CSA changes were not associated with those of motor conduction velocity (MCV) (p = 0.171). No significant associations were observed between MCV changes and Ab titer changes (p = 0.853). Five patients exhibited a reduction in nerve CSA: four of these converted to seronegative status, and one showed a decrease in Ab titer during follow-up. Among the six patients with increased nerve CSA, five had unchanged or higher Ab titers, while the remaining patient was seronegative at follow-up. The changes in CSA and Ab titer were consistent with one another in individual patients throughout follow-up. DISCUSSIONS: Changes in nerve CSA were closely associated with those of Ab titers, even during long-term follow-up of individual patients. These findings suggest that nerve ultrasound may serve as a supplementary biomarker for disease activity in patients with autoimmune nodopathy.
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