Global research landscape, knowledge structure, and emerging trends in adverse childhood experiences and personality disorders: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and personality disorders (PDs) has attracted sustained attention in psychiatry, psychology, and public health. Existing studies have mainly examined epidemiological associations, specific PDs diagnoses, or mechanisms, whereas bibliometric evidence mapping the field's knowledge structure and thematic evolution remains limited. This study aimed to characterize trends, contributors, collaboration networks, core themes, and frontiers in ACEs-PDs research. Methods: English-language publications on ACEs and PDs were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed from inception to December 31, 2025. After year screening, document-type filtering, and deduplication, 5,084 records were included. Bibliometric analyses were performed using R, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. The merged dataset was used to examine annual trends, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, and keyword co-occurrence, while WoSCC records were used for co-citation analysis, keyword clustering, and burst detection. Results: ACEs-PDs research showed sustained growth, with a marked increase after 2000. The United States occupied a central position in publication output, citation impact, and international collaboration, while the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, the Netherlands, and Australia also showed strong influence. Harvard University, the University of London, and Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg were leading institutions; Zanarini M, Fonagy P, Schmahl C, Paris J, and Kleindienst N were key contributors. Influential journals mainly covered psychiatry, personality disorders, child maltreatment, trauma, and developmental psychopathology. Keyword analyses identified childhood adversity, personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, childhood sexual abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder as core themes. VOSviewer and CiteSpace analyses indicated that hotspots have expanded from childhood abuse, PDs diagnosis, and psychiatric comorbidity to emotion dysregulation, non-suicidal self-injury, social support, functional connectivity, early intervention, and mechanism validation. Highly cited publications revealed a knowledge base centered on childhood abuse/trauma, borderline personality disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, emotion regulation, and neurobiological mechanisms. Conclusion: This study maps development and knowledge structure of ACEs-PDs research. Findings suggest a shift from exposure-outcome association studies toward comorbidity, intermediate phenotypes, neurobiological mechanisms, and clinical translation. Future research should strengthen longitudinal and cross-cultural designs, consider ACE type, timing, duration, and severity, and integrate neuroimaging, inflammatory, epigenetic, and clinical-course phenotypes.