Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42422030›Full record

ArticleData in brief2026

A comprehensive and standardized dataset on school feeding activities worldwide: The Global Survey of School Meal Programs.

Arlene Mitchell, Ayala Wineman, Heidi Kessler, Yale Warner, Shivani Gharge, Emily Fredenberg

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Data in brief, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Arlene MitchellGlobal Child Nutrition Foundation, P.O. Box 99435, Seattle, WA, 98139, USA.
Ayala WinemanGlobal Child Nutrition Foundation, P.O. Box 99435, Seattle, WA, 98139, USA.
Heidi KesslerGlobal Child Nutrition Foundation, P.O. Box 99435, Seattle, WA, 98139, USA.
Yale WarnerGlobal Child Nutrition Foundation, P.O. Box 99435, Seattle, WA, 98139, USA.
Shivani GhargeGlobal Child Nutrition Foundation, P.O. Box 99435, Seattle, WA, 98139, USA.
Emily FredenbergGlobal Child Nutrition Foundation, P.O. Box 99435, Seattle, WA, 98139, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

School meal programs-in which students receive meals, snacks, or take-home rations-reach over 400 million children throughout the world. They aim to address multiple objectives, most commonly to improve children's nutrition and health and to meet education goals by facilitating and incentivizing children's school attendance and learning. Yet despite their prevalence and evidence of impact, the data available on large-scale school meal programs have historically been fragmented and inconsistent, making it difficult to discern trends over time or compare school meal activities across different settings. Advocates, policy makers, analysts, and practitioners have all confronted the same challenge: a scarcity of comprehensive and standardized information on school meal programs. The Global Child Nutrition Foundation (GCNF)-supported by an array of international partners and partially funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-has sought to address this oversight through the Global Survey of School Meal Programs©. The Global Survey was launched in 2019 to gather information about school meal programs from national governments in every country in a standardized manner, and it has been repeated every 2-3 years. The survey is designed to be completed by a country "focal point" who is officially appointed by their government to liaise with the necessary entities to gather information for the survey and government approval for the information submitted. This survey dataset spans a broad set of topics of relevance to school feeding, including coverage/reach, targeting of beneficiaries, menu composition, food procurement and distribution, sources of funding, program governance, links to local agriculture and the private sector, and health and sanitation complementary services. It also tracks impacts over time, including the effects of shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to support comparison across countries, inform investments, and enable research and advocacy. The dataset enriches the broader literature on school feeding and provides a starting point for further research on this topic.

Indexed as

Child nutritionDiet qualityFood policyFood systems transformationHungerSocial safety net

Identifiers

PMID42422030
PMCPMC13342881

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.