Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42421887›Full record

ArticleLiver cancer2026

Addition of Intra-Arterial Therapy to Immunotherapy Improves Outcomes in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Taiwan Multicenter Cohort Study.

Teng-Yu Lee, Pei-Chang Lee, Ying-Chun Shen, Wei-Fan Hsu, Shiue-Wei Lai, Ching-Wei Chang, Yung-Yeh Su, Tung-Hung Su, Po-Ting Lin, Chia-Yen Dai and 17 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Liver cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Teng-Yu LeeDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Pei-Chang LeeDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ying-Chun ShenDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Wei-Fan HsuCenter for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Shiue-Wei LaiDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
Ching-Wei ChangDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yung-Yeh SuNational Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
Tung-Hung SuDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Po-Ting LinDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Chia-Yen DaiHepato-Biliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Ching-Sheng HsuCenter for Digestive Medicine, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.
San-Chi ChenDepartment of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Kun-Ming RauDepartment of Hematology Oncology, E-DA Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
I-Cheng LeeDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Song-Ru JhanDepartment of Medical Imaging, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
Tsung-Hao LiuDepartment of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hsueh-Chou LaiCenter for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Tsang-En WangDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Shi-Ming LinDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Po-Cheng LiangHepato-Biliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Cheng-Hao TsengDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Pi-Yi ChangDepartment of Medical Imaging, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
Shu-Cheng WuDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hung-Wei WangCenter for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Shou-Wu LeeDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Yi-Hsiang HuangDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
TRG investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Evidence supporting the combination of immunotherapy with intra-arterial therapy (IAT) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate whether the addition of IAT to first-line immunotherapy improves survival outcomes. Methods: Using the Taiwan Liver Cancer Association (TLCA) Research Group database, we identified patients with unresectable HCC who initiated first-line immunotherapy between May 2017 and January 2024. Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A or D disease, prior liver transplantation, or follow-up of <6 weeks were excluded. Eligible patients received either IAT (transarterial chemoembolization, radioembolization, or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy) at the initiation of immunotherapy or immunotherapy alone. After 1:3 propensity score matching, 90 and 270 patients were included in the IAT and control groups, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in a time-dependent model. Results: The IAT group achieved a higher objective response rate (46.7% vs. 26.3%; Conclusion: In unresectable HCC, the addition of IAT to first-line immunotherapy improves response rates, prolongs the duration of response, and enhances OS.

Indexed as

Advanced stageImmune checkpointLiver cancerLocoregional therapyOverall survival

Identifiers

PMID42421887
PMCPMC13345639

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.