ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Foot kinematic and kinetic differences associated with eggbeater kick technique: a time-series analysis in water polo players.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Eggbeater kicking is essential for maintaining body position and supporting technical actions in water polo, yet the time-specific biomechanical characteristics associated with higher performance remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of water polo players with higher eggbeater kicking performance by comparing foot kinematics and kinetics using time-series analysis. Twenty-two male university players performed continuous eggbeater kicking while underwater motion capture and pressure sensors recorded foot movements and pressure distributions. Resultant fluid forces and vertical propulsive forces were estimated using pressure distribution analysis. Participants were allocated into upper and lower groups using a pre-set threshold for normalised propulsive force derived from an independent dataset. Statistical parametric mapping (one-tailed SPM{t},
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