ArticleBMC nutrition2026
Dietary practices and nutritional status of adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kiambu level five hospital, Kiambu county, Kenya.
Article in BMC nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease after COVID-19, with Kenya among the high-burden countries. Kenya ranks 14th globally and 5th in Africa in TB burden. TB significantly affects dietary practices and nutritional status, which in turn influence treatment outcomes. However, limited data exist on dietary practices and nutritional status of TB patients in specific settings such as Kiambu County. This study aimed to assess the dietary practices and nutritional status of adult pulmonary TB patients at Kiambu Level Five Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya.
methodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 141 TB patients selected through systematic sampling at the Kiambu Level Five Hospital TB clinic. Data on dietary practices, including meal frequency, food consumption patterns, and nutrient adequacy, were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to assess nutritional status. Chi-square tests were used to determine associations between categorical variables, while Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient assessed relationships between continuous variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of nutritional status, adjusting for relevant socio-demographic and dietary factors.
resultsThe mean age of participants was 33.9 ± 12.6 years, with the majority being male (59.6%) and aged 25-34 years. Multiple linear regression analysis identified meal frequency (β = 1.22, p < 0.001) and total energy intake (β = 0.003 per kcal, p < 0.001) as significant positive predictors of BMI. Regular lunch consumption and older age were also associated with higher BMI, while living with others was associated with lower BMI. The final model explained 42% of the variance in nutritional status (Adjusted R² = 0.42).
conclusionDietary practices, particularly meal frequency and energy intake, are key determinants of nutritional status among TB patients. Interventions focusing on improving dietary intake and addressing socio-demographic factors may enhance nutritional recovery and treatment outcomes in this population.
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