ArticleSubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy2026
Differences in substance use among trans, non-binary and cis people in Spain: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDifferences in substance use have been reported to be higher among transgender and non-binary people (TNBP) than among their cisgender peers, although previous comparison studies are limited, especially in Europe. This study aimed to estimate and compare past-year and past-month prevalence of multiple substances between TNBP and cis people in Spain.
methodsCross-sectional study conducted with data from 19,948 individuals aged 15-45 years, 1582 of which were TNBP. Most TNBP were recruited through Transaludes survey, a national self-administered online questionnaire on trans health that used a diversified convenience sampling. Cis participants and a small portion of the TNBP sample were recruited through EDADES, a household-based national survey on drug use with a general population random sampling design. Past 12-months and past-month use was assessed for 11 substances. Prevalence of use was calculated for trans women, cis women, trans men, cis men and non-binary people. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance, comparing trans women vs. cis women, trans men vs. cis men and non-binary people vs. cis men and women, adjusting for sociodemographic covariables.
resultsCannabis was the most used substance in all five groups across both time periods. In the past 12 months, poppers were the second most commonly used substance among trans women, while non-medical use tranquilisers ranked second among trans men and non-binary people. Compared with cis peers, aPRs were higher for all substances among trans women and non-binary people and for most among trans men. Overall, the highest aPRs were observed in poppers use, whereas cocaine and cannabis showed smaller gaps.
conclusionsTNBP show a higher prevalence of substance use compared with their cis peers, particularly women. Public health policies should consider the cultural and social specificities of substance use within TNB communities in addition to structural vulnerabilities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.