ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on maternal thyroid function: a stratified analysis by maternal iodine status and thyroid autoantibody status.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent environmental pollutants with bioaccumulative properties. Emerging evidence indicates that PFAS disrupts thyroid hormone homeostasis, potentially leading to thyroid dysfunction and impairing physiological functions. However, the associations between PFAS exposure, iodine status, and thyroid function during pregnancy remain insufficiently understood.
methodsA total of 911 pregnant women from a birth cohort in Zhejiang Province were included. Serum concentrations of 13 PFASs and thyroid function parameters were measured during the first antenatal visit. Linear regression, quantile regression, and restricted cubic spline models were used to explore associations between individual PFAS and thyroid hormones. Quantile g-computation was conducted to evaluate the overall effects of PFAS mixtures, while Bayesian kernel machine regression was applied to capture potential nonlinear and interactive effects. Stratified analyses were further conducted to examine potential effect modification by iodine status and thyroid autoantibody status.
resultsPFOS, PFDA, PFNA, PFUnDA, and PFHpS were negatively associated with FT
conclusionsPrenatal exposure to both legacy PFASs (PFOS, PFDA, PFNA, PFDoDA, PFUnDA, and PFHpS) and novel PFAS (6:2 Cl-PFESA) was associated with lower FT
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