ArticleBMC pediatrics2026
Diagnostic utility of neutrophil CD64 for early detection of neonatal sepsis in southwestern Nigeria: a comparative case-control study.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNeonatal sepsis remains a major global health challenge due to its contribution to infant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is often difficult because the clinical presentation is nonspecific. Despite extensive research, no biomarker has yet achieved the required sensitivity, specificity and minimal blood volume to avoid hospital-acquired anaemia in newborns. Identifying a reliable early marker could improve therapeutic decision making and reduce unnecessary antibiotics use in neonates with suspected infection. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a hospital-based comparative case-control study in the special care baby units of two tertiary hospitals in Oyo state, Nigeria, between November 2018 and March 2019. A total of 120 neonates, aged 0-72 h were enrolled: 65 with suspected sepsis and 55 apparently healthy controls. Neutrophil CD64 expression was assessed using flow cytometry, Full Blood Count with differential and blood culture were also evaluated for every participant. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 21 and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
resultsNeonates with suspected sepsis demonstrated significantly higher white blood cell counts and band neutrophil percentages than apparently healthy controls. The neutrophil CD64 expression was significantly higher in the sepsis group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that neutrophil CD64 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.894 with sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 88.1% at cut-off value of 125.53. Percentage neutrophil CD64 demonstrated an AUC of 0.887 with a sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 88.1% at cut-off value of 40.5.
conclusionNeutrophil CD64 is a valuable biomarker for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, providing rapid results with minimal blood volume requirement. It may also have potential utility in identifying early or subclinical infection in high-risk neonates. Further large-scale studies are required to validate its prognostic role and relationship with specific bacterial isolates.
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