Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42420623›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2026

mRNA and protein expression of fetal insulin receptor in breast cancer cell lines and tissues.

Xihong Zhang, Albert Barrios, LeeAnn Higgins, Todd Markowski, Kevin Murray, Bruce Witthuhn, Tzu-Yi Yang, Douglas Yee

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xihong ZhangMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Albert BarriosMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
LeeAnn HigginsCenter for Metabolomics and Proteomics, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Todd MarkowskiCenter for Metabolomics and Proteomics, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Kevin MurrayCenter for Metabolomics and Proteomics, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Bruce WitthuhnCenter for Metabolomics and Proteomics, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Tzu-Yi YangCenter for Metabolomics and Proteomics, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Douglas YeeMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. yeexx006@umn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-4009

Funding

Women's CancerP30CA077598 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI Timothy C. Hallstrom · 1998 to 2026
$100.4M
Disrupting insulin receptor function in breast cancerR01CA251600 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI YEE, DOUGLAS · 2020 to 2024
$1.7M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA077598NCI NIH HHS R01 CA251600
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe insulin receptor (IR) is expressed in breast cancer cells and plays a role in regulating tumor biology. There are two IR isoforms generated from the same gene. Alternate splicing with exclusion or inclusion of exon 11 accounts for the two isoforms. The exon 11 excluded isoform (IR-A) is expressed during fetal development while the full-length adult IR (IR-B) is the primary form expressed during adult life. This splice variant results in a 12 amino acid variation in peptide sequence. Breast cancer cells overexpress IR-A with an increased IR-A: IR-B ratio. Most of these data were obtained by examining mRNA expressions.

methodsIn this work, we examined over 40 breast cancer cell lines and patient tumor samples for mRNA expression of the IR isoforms. Further we used mass spectrometry to evaluate IR-A protein expression.

resultsMost breast cancer cell lines and tissues overexpress IR-A compared to IR-B. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated IR-A protein expression in the Du4475 cell line which has a high level of IR-A mRNA expression.

conclusionIR-A mRNA is frequently expressed in breast cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of IR-A protein expression. Thus, IR-A mRNA and protein expression demonstrate a potential role for this insulin receptor isoform in breast cancer biology.

Indexed as

Antigens, CDBreast NeoplasmsReceptor, InsulinRNA, MessengerAlternative SplicingCell Line, TumorFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansProtein IsoformsAntigens, CDINSR protein, humanProtein IsoformsReceptor, InsulinRNA, MessengerAdult form of insulin receptorBreast cancerFetal form of insulin receptorInsulin receptorMass spectrometrymRNA expression

Identifiers

PMID42420623
PMCPMC13346282

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.