ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2026
Dosimetric impact of radiofrequency tumor treating field arrays on dose on surface and at depth.
Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumor Treating Fields (TTFields) have demonstrated a survival benefit in patients with glioblastoma and are increasingly being investigated for concurrent use with radiotherapy. However, published data regarding the dosimetric impact of TTFields transducer arrays during photon irradiation remain limited, particularly with respect to surface dose enhancement and attenuation at treatment depth. A clear, quantitative understanding of these perturbations is necessary to optimize clinical implementation. PURPOSE: This study aimed to directly quantify the physical dosimetric perturbations introduced by TTFields transducer arrays during megavoltage photon irradiation and to evaluate whether array repositioning mitigates surface dose enhancement and depth attenuation.
methodsAn experimental measurement was conducted using a solid-water slab phantom and a 6-MV Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator with both flattened and flattening-filter-free (FFF) beams. An Optune 3 × 3 ceramic transducer array was placed on the phantom surface. Dose at depths of 1.5, 5, and 10 cm was measured using a Farmer-type ionization chamber. Surface dose was assessed using silicon diodes, MOSFET detectors, and Gafchromic EBT3 film (referred to as radiochromic film in this paper). Measurements were performed with and without the array to establish baseline comparisons. To evaluate mitigation strategies, the array was shifted by one transducer diameter in four cardinal directions, and measurements were repeated. Dose ratios were calculated relative to baseline conditions without the array. Statistical significance was assessed where appropriate.
resultsThe presence of the TTFields array resulted in statistically significant attenuation at depth, with dose reductions of approximately 2%-4% up to 10 cm (p < 0.001). Surface dose increased substantially, with MOSFET and diode measurements demonstrating enhancement factors ranging from 1.81 to 1.87 relative to baseline. Radio film showed higher apparent enhancement, attributed to energy-dependent over-response in the high-gradient surface region. Repositioning the array reduced peak surface dose by up to 40%. Film-based dose profiles demonstrated a 24% reduction in localized hotspots following array shifts. Despite mitigation, residual surface dose remained elevated at approximately 1.6-2.3 times baseline values.
conclusionsTTFields transducer arrays introduce clinically meaningful dosimetric perturbations, characterized by significant surface dose enhancement, and measurable attenuation at depth. While array repositioning reduces localized hotspots, it does not eliminate elevated scalp dose.These findings underscore the importance of treatment-specific dosimetric evaluation and careful surface dose assessment when delivering radiotherapy concurrently with TTFields.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.