ArticlePloS one2026
Identifying surge of exclusionary nationalism: A case study of prewar Japan.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A rise in exclusionary nationalism can escalate conflicts; however, there are limited quantitative analyses of the timing and magnitudes of such shifts. This study proposes a quantitative approach for tracking changes in exclusionary nationalism by focusing on language, specifically the acceptance/rejection of foreign loanwords. Using 300,110 Japanese newspaper articles spanning 1912-1943-the period surrounding the outbreak of the 1941 conflict with the United States and the United Kingdom-we employed the singular spectrum transformation method to detect change points in exclusionary nationalism. We found that exclusionary nationalism emerged in Japan in 1936 and subsequently exhibited substantial oscillations rather than continuous intensification in the years leading up to the outbreak of the Pacific War. Moreover, attitudes toward potential adversaries and allies were evident from the 1920s. This study deepens our understanding of the role of exclusionary nationalism in conflicts, highlighting its nuanced nature in shaping friend-enemy distinctions during wartime.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.