ArticleBrain and behavior2026
Neurophysiological Differentiation of Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease: Longitudinal Changes in P300 Amplitude as an Indicator of Mild Cognitive Impairment Progression.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis longitudinal study investigated whether P300 event-related potential (ERP) amplitude demonstrates group-level and longitudinal differences between stable and progressive mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and whether these electrophysiological changes may serve as preliminary markers associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression.
methodFifty-four participants, including 27 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals and 27 individuals with multi-domain amnestic MCI, underwent EEG recording during a visual oddball task at baseline and follow-up assessment. Within 1 year, 14 MCI participants progressed to AD (pMCI), while 13 remained stable (sMCI). P300 amplitudes were compared across groups and over time, and exploratory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate discriminative performance. Correlations between P300 amplitudes and cognitive measures were also examined.
findingsBaseline analyses demonstrated significantly reduced P300 amplitudes in both MCI groups compared to CU participants (p < 0.001), consistent with early cortical dysfunction. Longitudinally, CU and sMCI groups exhibited amplitude decline over time, whereas the pMCI group showed persistently stable but markedly low amplitudes. Exploratory ROC analyses suggested potential group-level discriminative utility for differentiating pMCI from both CU and sMCI participants. In addition, lower P300 amplitudes were significantly associated with poorer global cognitive performance and memory scores.
conclusionThese findings suggest that reduced P300 amplitude, particularly at central electrode locations, may represent a preliminary electrophysiological marker associated with progression from MCI to AD. The results support the potential relevance of P300 measures in future prognostic and longitudinal biomarker research in Alzheimer's disease.
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