Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42418085›Full record

ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2026

Lymphovascular Invasion in SOUND-Eligible Breast Cancer: Implications for Occult Axillary Nodal Metastasis.

Thomas Amburn, Matthew Sporn, Likolani Arthurs, Caitlin Marsh, Acacia Sharma, Jiaqi Wu, Charles DiMaggio, Deborah Axelrod, Freya Schnabel, Mary L Gemignani

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Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Thomas AmburnBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Matthew SpornBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Likolani ArthursBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Caitlin MarshBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Acacia SharmaBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Jiaqi WuBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Charles DiMaggioBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Deborah AxelrodBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Freya SchnabelBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Mary L GemignaniBreast Service, Department of Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA. mary.gemignani@nyulangone.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe SOUND randomized controlled trial demonstrated that omitting sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is noninferior to performing SLNB in early-stage breast cancer. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), however, is an adverse pathologic feature associated with axillary nodal metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the association of LVI with occult axillary nodal metastasis in early-stage, SOUND-eligible breast cancer. PATIENTS AND

methodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with cT1N0 breast cancer from 2011 to 2025 who underwent upfront breast-conserving surgery and lymph node surgery who met SOUND trial eligibility criteria. Clinicopathologic variables were collected, and Pearson's chi-square test, unpaired t-test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the cohort.

resultsWe identified 364 cT1N0 breast tumors, of which 63 (17.3%) were LVI-present. The overall nodal upstaging rate (pN+) was 11.3%. However, pN+ among LVI-present patients was 33.3% compared with 6.6% among LVI-absent patients (OR 7.03; 95%CI 3.51, 14.05; p < 0.001). Only 1 case (0.3%) had extensive nodal disease (pN2) in which LVI was present. On multivariate analysis for predictors of LVI-present, premenopausal (OR 4.23, 95%CI 2.31, 7.76; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with LVI-present, and well differentiated was significantly associated with LVI-absent (OR 0.060, 95%CI 0.010, 0.47; p = 0.0071). On multivariate analysis for predictors of pN+, only LVI-present (OR 6.47, 95%CI 3.14, 13.34 p < 0.001) was significantly associated with pN+.

conclusionsPathologic-confirmed LVI was present in one-third of patients with SOUND-eligible breast cancer with axillary nodal metastasis. LVI-present was independently predictive of axillary nodal metastasis and may have implications for decision-making regarding SLNB-omission.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Ductal, BreastLymph NodesAdultAgedAxillaFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLymphatic MetastasisLymph Node ExcisionMastectomy, SegmentalMiddle AgedNeoplasm InvasivenessNeoplasm StagingPrognosisAxillary surgeryDe-escalationEarly-stageINSEMALymph node surgeryLymphovascular invasionSOUND

Identifiers

PMID42418085

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.