Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42417996›Full record

ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2026

Mechanisms and strategies of host xenophagy manipulation by intracellular bacteria.

Yinjuan Song, Li Tang, Na Li, Xiangmei Zhou, Yuefeng Chu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yinjuan SongState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-8328
Li TangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
Na LiState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
Xiangmei ZhouState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. zhouxm@cau.edu.cn.
Yuefeng ChuState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China. chuyuefeng@caas.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-2677

Funding

he Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS-ASTIP-2021-LVRIKey Research and Development Program of Xinjiang 2025B02022-3National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFD1800703Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province 25JRRA438Open Fund Project of the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety 2026SKLVPHS01the Key Program of Gansu Joint Research Foundation 24JRRA809The Major Project of Joint Research Fund of Gansu Province 25JRRA1085
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Xenophagy, a specialized form of autophagy, serves as a critical cellular defense mechanism, targeting and degrading intracellular bacterial pathogens. This review explores the intricate interplay between bacteria and host xenophagy, focusing on the mechanisms that underlie xenophagic recognition, encapsulation, and degradation of bacterial invaders. Despite xenophagy's essential role in host immunity, many bacteria have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade, inhibit, or even subvert this process, ensuring their survival within host cells. We provide an in-depth analysis of the bacterial mechanisms that counteract xenophagy, detailing how specific pathogens manipulate autophagosome formation, acidification, and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Furthermore, we highlight outstanding research questions, including the mechanisms of autophagosome formation at the bacterial surface, the interaction between xenophagy and the immune system, and the impact of xenophagy on bacterial antibiotic resistance. By examining the evolving understanding of xenophagy and bacterial countermeasures, this review underscores the potential for therapeutic strategies targeting xenophagy to enhance host defense against persistent intracellular bacterial infections.

Indexed as

AutophagyBacteriaBacterial InfectionsHost-Pathogen InteractionsMacroautophagyAnimalsAutophagosomesHumansLysosomesBacterial effectorsE3 ubiquitin ligasesIntracellular bacteriaMechanismsOpen questionsXenophagy

Identifiers

PMID42417996

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.