ArticleJMIR research protocols2026
Educational Interventions for Labor Epidural Awareness in the United States: Protocol for a Scoping Review.
Article in JMIR research protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Labor pain is among the most intense forms of pain, and neuraxial analgesia, including epidural, spinal, and combined spinal-epidural techniques, is considered the gold standard for its management. Despite its effectiveness, persistent misconceptions, cultural barriers, and disparities in awareness contribute to underuse among certain populations. Educational interventions have been developed to address these gaps, yet a comprehensive synthesis of such efforts in the United States is lacking. Objective: This scoping review aims to map the extent, range, and nature of current literature describing educational interventions designed to improve knowledge, awareness, and acceptance of neuraxial analgesia during labor among pregnant women. Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) framework, peer-reviewed studies published in English were identified through PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from inception to August 2025. Eligible studies include those focusing on pregnant individuals eligible for neuraxial analgesia who received educational or counseling interventions during prenatal or perinatal care. Extracted data include study design, intervention type, delivery method, timing, and outcomes of interest, including patient understanding of risks and benefits, awareness of neuraxial analgesia options, acceptance of or preference for neuraxial analgesia, satisfaction with education, and uptake during labor. Data will be synthesized descriptively using summary tables and figures, with a narrative synthesis to categorize interventions by type, timing, and delivery method and identify patterns and gaps across studies. Results: This project was conceived in August 2024, and the protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework in January 2025. The database search was conducted in August 2025. As of protocol submission in October 2025, full-text screening and data extraction are pending and are scheduled for May 2026 to June 2026. Data synthesis and drafting of the results will be completed in September 2026. The manuscript will be submitted in October 2026. Conclusions: This scoping review will map existing educational interventions related to neuraxial labor analgesia and identify gaps in the current literature. The findings may help inform future research and the development of more consistent and accessible patient education approaches.
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