Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42417486›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical psychology2026

Body Image, Disordered Eating, and Psychological Functioning as Prospective Predictors of Inflexible Eating.

Tayarna Bolger, Mariel Messer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Tayarna BolgerSchool of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0009-0004-3522-1054
Mariel MesserSchool of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7186-7264

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveMost research on dieting behaviours has examined rigid dieting, characterised by strict, rule-bound approaches to eating that reflect an all-or-nothing mindset. However, this work has primarily emphasised behavioural features, with comparatively less attention to the cognitive and emotional processes underlying rigid control. Inflexible eating has recently been proposed as a specific construct capturing psychological inflexibility in the domain of eating, including rigid adherence to self-imposed rules and distress when these are violated. While conceptually related to rigid restraint, inflexible eating extends beyond traditional behavioural conceptualisations by incorporating these psychological processes. Despite its relevance, prospective evidence on its predictors remains limited.

methodsThis study examined whether baseline body image facets (body dissatisfaction, fear of weight gain, overvaluation, and preoccupation), disordered eating behaviours (binge eating, driven exercise, and muscularity-oriented disordered eating [MODE]), and psychological functioning (depressive and anxiety symptoms) prospectively predicted inflexible eating. A total of 1760 women (M = 34.00 years, SD = 9.40; 81.3% White) completed measures at Time 1 (T1), with 1237 providing 3-month follow-up data (Time 2; T2).

resultsBivariate analyses showed that all T1 body image facets, poor psychological functioning, and disordered eating behaviours except binge eating predicted higher T2 inflexible eating. In multivariate analyses, T1 fear of weight gain, MODE, and depressive symptoms uniquely predicted greater T2 inflexible eating.

conclusionsFindings identify key psychological and behavioural precursors of inflexible eating, underscoring potential targets for early intervention and prevention.

Indexed as

AnxietyBody ImageDepressionFeeding and Eating DisordersFeeding BehaviorPsychosocial FunctioningAdultBody SatisfactionFemaleHumansProspective StudiesYoung Adultbody imagedietary restraintdisordered eatinglongitudinalpsychological functioning

Identifiers

PMID42417486
PMCPMC13544514

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.