ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026
Engineering EVs Via ZnBGs-Integrated 3D Dynamic Culture for Type II Diabetic Pressure Ulcer Therapy.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) under type II diabetic conditions pose a significant clinical challenge due to damage to the vascular and neural networks, a situation further complicated by sustained mechanical pressure resulting from prolonged patient immobility. While engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold therapeutic potential, conventional production methods face limitations such as rapid drug inactivation, compromised EV structural integrity, and poor scalability. Metal-doped bioactive glass (mBGs) extract induces cellular phenotypic changes through continuous ion release and nanoparticle mineralization, employing a non-genetic, non-destructive approach that preserves the integrity of EVs and enables more stable, directed functional induction. To further facilitate scalable manufacturing without compromising directed functional induction, we coupled ZnBGs extract with 3D dynamic cell culture technology for enhanced EVs production. The resulting 3D-ZnBG-EVs significantly increased protein yield and demonstrated enhanced angiogenic and neurogenic functions, which are mediated via the PI3K-AKT-HIF-1α axis. In a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of type II diabetic pressure ulcers, ZnBG-EVs significantly improved vascular and neural repair, extracellular matrix deposition, collagen maturation, and overall wound closure. This integrated strategy provides a scalable, function-directed platform for EVs-based PUs therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.