Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42417183›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Efficacy and Safety of Ion Channel Modulators in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.

Dandan Li, Linqi Ouyang, Zhen Chen, Yuanxiong Long, Guiming Deng

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dandan LiDepartment of Discipline Construction and Scientific Research Management, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2611-7149
Linqi OuyangDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
Zhen ChenDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
Yuanxiong LongDepartment of Discipline Construction and Scientific Research Management, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
Guiming DengDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.ORCID 0009-0005-8432-4794

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2025JJ80954Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2025JJ80970Open Fund Project of the Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine Powder and Innovative Drugs 24PTKF1022Scientific Research Fund Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine 2024XYLH002Scientific Research Project of Hunan Health Commission 20233247Scientific Research Project of Hunan Health Commission 20257979
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ion channel modulators for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). MATERIALS AND

methodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PDN patients treated with ion channel modulators. The primary outcome was the pain score. Secondary outcomes included the visual analog scale (VAS) score, 30% and 50% pain reduction, patient global impression of change (PGIC), sleep interference score, adverse events, and treatment discontinuation. Independent authors extracted the data and assessed the quality. Heterogeneity among studies was quantified using the I

resultsA total of 36 RCTs comprising 6611 participants with PDN were included in the analyses, of which 21 were evaluated with calcium channel blockers, 12 with sodium channel blockers, 2 with TRPA1 antagonists, and 1 with P2X3 antagonists. Compared with placebo, ion channel modulators, particularly calcium channel blockers (mirogabalin, pregabalin, gabapentin, crisugabalin) and sodium channel antagonists (oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine, sodium valproate), can significantly reduce pain, VAS, and sleep interference scores, improve PGIC, and increase the proportion of patients achieving 30% and 50% pain reduction. The therapeutic effects of the TRPA1 antagonists and P2X3 antagonists did not differ significantly from those of the control. The adverse events of ion channel modulators were mild to moderate and well tolerated, but the risk of discontinuation due to adverse events was higher with mirogabalin and oxcarbazepine than with the other modulators.

conclusionIon channel modulators, especially calcium channel blockers and sodium channel antagonists, have favourable safety profiles and beneficial effects on reducing pain and improving the quality of life of patients with PDN.

Indexed as

Calcium Channel BlockersDiabetic NeuropathiesIon ChannelsSodium Channel BlockersHumansPain MeasurementRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeCalcium Channel BlockersIon ChannelsSodium Channel Blockerscalcium channel blockersion channel modulatorspainpainful diabetic neuropathysodium channel antagonists

Identifiers

PMID42417183
PMCPMC13448852

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.