ArticleAfrican journal of primary health care & family medicine2026
Assessing existing infection prevention and control measures used by nurses in water-scarce healthcare in a global setting: A scoping review.
Article in African journal of primary health care & family medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundWater service in primary healthcare clinics is nearly impossible, especially in remote areas, because of poor infrastructure and ineffective municipal service delivery compliance. The health risk to patient care and safety makes basic cleanliness and infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in primary healthcare clinics difficult.
aimThis study mapped and synthesised the existing Infection Prevention and Control measures used by nurses in water-scarce healthcare facilities in a global setting.
methodA comprehensive search was conducted in four databases: EBSCOhost, Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE EBSCO Web of Science. Each database search employed algorithm-specific strategies and combinations. Eligible studies were those addressing IPC measures in water-scarce healthcare settings, published in English, between 2020 and 2025, and with accessible full text. Data were extracted using manual tables and thematically analysed.
resultsThis review identified 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria from South Asian and African countries. This review employed a descriptive qualitative methodology using thematic analysis to determine and describe the main themes that emerged from the research findings. Four themes emerged: Social behavioural strategies, good governance systems, incorporating digital and technology in healthcare systems and community participation approaches.
conclusionThis scoping review indicates that water scarcity challenges the IPC standards in healthcare facilities, adversely affecting basic hygiene practices, sanitation and overall cleanliness.Contribution: Its findings serve as a valuable resource for nurses, stakeholders, and policymakers working to improve IPC measures in primary healthcare clinics experiencing water scarcity.
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