ArticleCureus2026
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Breath-Holding Spells Among Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreath-holding spells (BHS) are benign, self-limiting episodes in children that often cause parental anxiety. Adult awareness is crucial to mitigate undue panic and prevent inappropriate medical interventions, yet public understanding of BHS is limited, particularly in Saudi Arabia.
aimTo evaluate and quantify the levels of knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward BHS among adults in Riyadh, and to identify specific socio-demographic factors significantly associated with good knowledge scores using a structured cross-sectional design.
methodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 444 Saudi adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an expert-reviewed, pilot-tested online questionnaire. Knowledge scores were calculated based on correct responses (≥60%=good knowledge). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), and associations were tested using the chi-square test.
resultsMost participants were female (n=367, 82.7%) and married (n=287, 64.6%), with a bachelor's degree (n=258, 58.1%). Only 44.4% (n=197) had heard of BHS, and 24.3% (n=108) demonstrated good knowledge. The main sources of information perceived as helpful were the internet (n=207, 46.6%), family/friends (n=195, 43.9%), and healthcare providers (n=192, 43.2%), although only 9.5% (n=42) had actually received direct BHS information from a provider previously. Younger adults (18-25 years) and single participants had significantly higher knowledge (p<0.05), while gender, education, income, and parental status showed no significant association. Most participants reported high anxiety regarding episodes (n=339, 76.4%) and indicated they would seek medical advice for recurrent spells (n=278, 62.6%) regardless of knowledge level.
conclusionsKnowledge and awareness of BHS in Riyadh are suboptimal despite high concern and willingness to seek care. Age and marital status were the only significant predictors of knowledge. These findings highlight the need for primary care-based education to improve public understanding of BHS, reduce anxiety, and minimize unnecessary healthcare utilization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.