ReviewFrontiers in urology2026
Predictors of recurrence after vesicovaginal fistula repair: a systematic review of surgical and patient-related factors.
Review in Frontiers in urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is highly effective, with primary success rates of 80-95%; however, recurrence is reported in 10-30% of cases. Factors influencing recurrence include fistula size and tissue characteristics. Methods: This systematic review identifies predictive factors for VVF recurrence by reviewing 21 studies published between 1994 and 2025 that met PRISMA criteria, and by analyzing the surgical outcomes from PubMed/MEDLINE data for various etiologies of VVF. Eligible studies reporting predictors of VVF repair were assessed for bias using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: The following factors were consistently identified as predictors of VVF recurrence: fistula size greater than 2-3cm (odds ratio [OR]: 1.0-6.0), severe peri-fistula fibrosis (OR: 2.7 to 12.0), involvement of the urethra and/or bladder neck (OR: 0.4 to 9.0) and multiple fistulas (OR: 4.0 to 8.0). The following protective factors were identified: early intervention, surgery performed in a specialist center, and the use of interposition flaps. The Goh and Panzi classifications assist in the predictive risk stratification of patients. Most studies had a low to moderate risk of bias. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies, there was considerable variation in study design, etiology, and surgical technique; therefore, narrative synthesis rather than meta-analysis was performed. In most cases, secondary VVF repair has been documented to improve surgical outcomes; however, results for previously failed repairs remain contradictory. Conclusion: Using validated predictive factors for preoperative risk stratification may improve global VVF surgical outcomes. Closing the gap in surgical outcomes between regions and optimizing surgical techniques will require further prospective research and the development of predictive models.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.