ArticleDigital health
Feasibility and behavioral impact of a wearable-supported digital health intervention on attitudes and behaviors toward sleep and physical activity: A proof-of-concept study in Kobe City.
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Abstract
Objectives: This proof-of-concept study examined whether wearable devices integrated with the Welloop mobile application and a light incentive feature lead to changes in awareness and behaviors related to sleep and physical activity. The intervention provided personalized recommendations based on biometric data and explored the potential of digital tools to support behavior change. Methods: This single-arm interventional study was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024. Participants aged 20-65 years were recruited in Kobe, Japan. Eligible individuals owned a smartphone, registered as Healthcare Citizen Supporters, and agreed to wear a wearable device (Oura Ring or Fitbit) throughout the study period (January 10-March 31, 2024). Participation was voluntary, including mobile communication costs. Participation was voluntary. During the intervention phase, participants received personalized lifestyle recommendations based on biometric data via the mobile application, along with a light incentive feature to support engagement. The primary outcomes were changes in attitudes and self-reported and device-based behavioral indicators related to physical activity and sleep. Results: This single-arm interventional study was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024. A total of 130 participants (median age 49; 83% women), with 60% holding a university degree or higher were enrolled. Participants aged 20-65 years were recruited in Kobe, Japan. Attitudinal outcomes showed significant or near-significant improvements, including perceived enjoyment and necessity of physical activity, and a significant shift in the stage of change for dietary habits. Objective and self-reported behavioral changes were modest, with small improvements in exercise duration, walking time, and reduced sleep procrastination, though most behavioral outcomes were not statistically significant. No meaningful differences were observed based on incentive preferences. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the intervention is feasible in a community setting. While behavioral change was limited, attitudinal improvements highlight potential for digital self-monitoring and personalized feedback to support early stages of behavior change.
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