ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Rethinking directiveness in AI coaching chatbots.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Organizational coaching is well established as an effective intervention for professional and personal development. However, ongoing debate exists regarding the relative merits of directive versus non-directive coaching styles, with non-directive approaches widely accepted as desired practice in human-to-human coaching. Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI), alongside the widespread adoption of applications such as ChatGPT, have created the conditions for Gen AI-powered coaching chatbots to emerge as potential coaching alternatives, with initial studies showing promising results. The advent of these coaching chatbots raise many questions including to what extent they should mimic what human coaches do, including their level of directiveness. To investigate this knowlede gap, two Gen AI coaching chatbots, one directive and one non-directive, were developed using Heron's intervention analysis model to operationalise distinct coaching styles. A between-subjects quasi-experiment (
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