ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
A study on differences in lung function development and longitudinal patterns between preterm infants of different gestational ages and term infants.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To address gaps in small airway function follow-up and grouping criteria for extremely preterm infants, this study adopted dual grouping to explore baseline differences and longitudinal pulmonary function patterns between preterm (by gestational age: < 32 weeks, 32-33 + 6 weeks, 34-36 + 6 weeks) and term (≥ 37 weeks) infants. It aimed to clarify impacts of gestational age, birth weight, and other factors, providing evidence for individualized clinical follow-up and intervention. Methods: From 2020 to 2024, 113 term-equivalent infants from Guangyuan Central Hospital were enrolled. Lung function parameters (VT, TPEF/TE, TEF50, etc.) at corrected 40 weeks (0 months), 3 and 6 months, plus perinatal data were collected. Inter-group differences were analyzed via ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis tests, baseline factors via linear regression, longitudinal change rates via linear mixed models (LMM), and intra-group recovery via repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: At baseline, lower gestational age correlated with reduced VT, TPEF/TE, VPEF/VE, and elevated RR ( Conclusion: Preterm infants exhibit gestational age-dependent compensatory lung function recovery, with faster rates in younger gestational ages. However, extremely preterm infants (< 32 weeks) infants (< 32 weeks) have delayed small airway function (TEF50) at 6 months. Gestational age, birth weight, and maternal gestational diabetes are key factors. Clinicians should implement individualized 3-monthly small airway function monitoring for < 32 weeks infants to reduce long-term respiratory disease risk.
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