Astrocyte-derived HMGB1 compromises the integrity of the blood-brain barrier through the CaM/CaMKII/AQP4 pathway and the protective function of trifluoperazine.

Song-Song Zou, Li-Li Chen, Min Cui

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Song-Song ZouKey Laboratory of Exploitation and Study of Distinctive Plants of Sichuan Provincial Education Department, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, China.

Li-Li ChenKey Laboratory of Exploitation and Study of Distinctive Plants of Sichuan Provincial Education Department, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, China.

Min CuiState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for maintaining the function and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS), with astrocytes playing a key role in this process. Our study found that infection with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) promoted the translocation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from the nucleus to the extracellular space of astrocytes, a process directly associated with BBB disruption. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified potential targets of encephalitis and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Subsequent functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, highlighted the calcium signaling pathway as an important regulatory mechanism. Evidence from our

Indexed as

Aquaporin 4AstrocytesBlood-Brain BarrierCalmodulinEncephalitis, JapaneseHMGB1 ProteinTrifluoperazineAnimalsCalcium SignalingEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseHumansMiceMolecular Docking SimulationSignal TransductionAquaporin 4CalmodulinHMGB1 ProteinTrifluoperazineblood-brain barrierHMGB1JEVnetwork pharmacologytrifluoperazine

Identifiers

PMID42416052

DOI10.3389/fimmu.2026.1852083

PMCPMC13337370

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.