Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42414923›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2026

Sex- and age- specific lung cancer incidence and mortality among Medicaid beneficiaries with and without HIV, 2001-2015.

Yiyi Zhou, Bryan Lau, Jacqueline E Rudolph, Xiaoqiang Xu, Keri L Calkins, Maylin Palatino, Karine Yenokyan, Eryka L Wentz, Corinne E Joshu

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Article in BMC cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yiyi ZhouDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Bryan LauDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jacqueline E RudolphDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Xiaoqiang XuDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
Keri L CalkinsDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Maylin PalatinoDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Karine YenokyanDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Eryka L WentzDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, , Baltimore, MD, USA.
Corinne E JoshuDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, , Baltimore, MD, USA. cjoshu1@jhu.edu.

Funding

Translational Research Central ServicesP30CA006973 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ALAN KEITH MEEKER · 1985 to 2026
$208.6M
Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Anna Palmer Durbin · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
North American AIDS Cohorts on Collaboration and Design (NAACCORD)U01AI069918 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Keri Nicole Althoff, RICHARD Douglas MOORE · 2006 to 2026
$65.2M
Medicaid data as a complement to cohort studies for investigating cancers among older people with HIVR01CA250851 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Corinne E. Joshu, Bryan Lau · 2020 to 2026
$4.8M
At the Intersection of HIV and COVID-19: Medicaid Data as a Complement to Cohort StudiesR01AI170240 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI JOSHU, CORINNE E., LAU, BRYAN · 2022 to 2025
$3.8M
American Cancer Society RSG-18-147-01National Institutes of Health, United States R01CA250851, R01AI170240, U01AI069918, P30CA006973, and P30AI094189NCI NIH HHS P30 CA006973NCI NIH HHS R01 CA250851NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI170240NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI069918
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPeople with HIV (PWH) have higher lung cancer incidence and poorer prognosis than people without HIV (PWoH). PWoH experience age and sex-based differences in lung cancer. However, evidence on sex- and age-specific trends among PWH are limited.

methodsWe evaluated lung cancer incidence for Medicaid beneficiaries aged 30-64 from 14 states (2001-2015) by HIV status. We used Cox models and inverse probability weighting to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of lung cancer and the Aalen-Johansen estimator to calculate the cumulative incidence of lung cancer by HIV status. We estimated the excess mortality ratio (EMR) by comparing the ratio of mortality rate differences before and after lung cancer diagnosis by HIV status.

resultsThere were 1,110 lung cancers over 529,150 person-years among PWH and 8,256 lung cancers over 8,110,847 person-years among PWoH. HIV was associated with the hazard of lung cancer incidence (HR: 1.75, 95% CI:1.56, 1.96); the strongest association was among female beneficiaries aged 30-49 (HR: 3.71, 95% CI: 2.59, 5.32). Lung cancer incidence rates declined over time for all beneficiaries; however, the smallest decrease was in female PWH. PWH experienced significant excess mortality after lung cancer diagnosis compared to PWoH (EMR:1.24, 95% CI:1.06, 1.43); this was strongest among female beneficiaries aged 30-49 (EMR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.46, 3.12).

conclusionsPWH had elevated incidence of lung cancer and excess mortality after lung cancer compared to PWoH. Importantly, these findings were strongest among young female beneficiaries with HIV, highlighting the need for lung cancer prevention and early detection among this group.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsLung NeoplasmsMedicaidAdultAge FactorsFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedSex FactorsUnited StatesFemaleHIVLung cancerMedicaid

Identifiers

PMID42414923
PMCPMC13629098

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.