ArticleBMC anesthesiology2026
The median effective dose (ED
Article in BMC anesthesiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDental anxiety presents a significant barrier to treatment. Conscious sedation is widely used to alleviate anxiety. Although remimazolam has demonstrated its efficacy and advantages for outpatient dental procedures, research on the effective dose of remimazolam combined with esketamine remains limited. Thus, the purpose of our research was to estimate the effective dose of remimazolam with esketamine for conscious sedation in patients with dental anxiety undergoing outpatient dental surgery.
methodsThe study enrolled outpatients with dental anxiety aged 18-65 years who received dental operations and were classified under ASA grades I-II. Using the modified Dixon up-and-down method, each patient was first administered by infusing esketamine 0.1 mg/kg, followed by an assigned dose of remimazolam. The initial dose of remimazolam was 0.1 mg/kg, with a dose gradient of 0.01 mg/kg. Sedation success was defined as achieving a MOAA/S score of 3-4 within 5 min after the initial loading dose, without requiring additional remimazolam. The primary outcome was the ED
resultsThe study achieved 10 transition points (from sedation success to failure) with a total enrollment of 32 individuals. The ED
conclusionsFor outpatient dental procedures in patients with dental anxiety, the ED
trial registrationThis study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500104775; first registered on 23/06/2025).
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