Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42414860›Full record

ReviewClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026

State-of-the-Art Review: Contemporary Ambulatory Approach to Adult Fever of Unknown Origin.

William F Wright, Albrecht Betrains, Verena Schoenau, Catharina M Mulders-Manders, Paul G Auwaerter, Chantal P Rovers, Steven Vanderschueren

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

William F WrightDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3491-683X
Albrecht BetrainsGeneral Internal Medicine Department, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-7526-5001
Verena SchoenauDepartment of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Catharina M Mulders-MandersDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8235-2629
Paul G AuwaerterThe Sherrilyn and Ken Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8273-9057
Chantal P RoversDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Steven VanderschuerenGeneral Internal Medicine Department, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Funding

Sherrilyn and Ken Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fever of unknown origin remains a diagnostic frontier, with research predominantly focused on the underlying disease spectrum. However, this focus largely overlooked issues between previous diagnostic criteria-the "quantitative" or "qualitative" definitions-and the critical role of evaluating the patient. This review synthesizes mounting evidence that the qualitative criteria are a central, yet underappreciated, driver of an effective and efficient clinical evaluation process for the ambulatory adult immunocompetent population. With input from infectious disease physicians, rheumatologists, and oncologists with expertise in this area, we chart the complex landscape of this widely recognized and potentially devastating condition, revealing key recommendations from a modified Delphi consensus panel and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging that offer changes beyond earlier definitions and management. By recentering the conversation around this updated approach, we argue for a paradigm shift for modern clinical practice and future research.

Indexed as

Ambulatory CareFever of Unknown OriginAdultHumansfeverfever of unknown origininflammationpyrexiapyrexia of unknown origin

Identifiers

PMID42414860
PMCPMC13341253

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.