ArticleActa parasitologica2026
Effect of LY2109761 on TGF-β1/TGFβRI/Smad Pathway and Hepatic Fibrosis Cysts Formation in Rats Infected with Echinococcus granulosus: an In Vitro and In Vivo Study.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeEchinococcus granulosus infection is a zoonotic parasite disease that threatens animal husbandry development and farmer and herder health. Hepatic fibrosis cysts induced by protoscoleces (PSCs) are a common pathological alteration. The formation of these cysts is related to the stimulation of TGF-β1/TGFβRI/Smad signaling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). TGF-β1 activates the TGFβRI/Smad pathway in HSCs, which is needed in the formation of fibrosis cysts.
methodsLY2109761, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, is hypothesized to reduce the formation of hepatic fibrosis cysts by limiting TGF-β1 binding to TGFβRI receptors on HSCs and decreasing the activation of the TGFβRI/Smad pathway. Herein, a liver infection model in rats with PSCs was constructed, and the infected rats were treated with LY2109761 in vivo. The pathological morphology, serum IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17 concentrations, TGF-β1 cytokine, and fibrosis TGF-β1/Smad pathway protein expression were detected to verify the mechanism how PSCs infection activates the HSC TGF-β1/ Smad pathway to promote liver fibrosis.
resultsThe study examined how LY2109761 affected TGF-β1 secretion in hepatocytes co-cultured with PSCs and BRL cells in vitro, and the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad in HSC-T6 cells induced by the co-culture supernatant, which ultimately led to liver fibrosis. Prolonged infection duration raised blood concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL5,IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 as well as hepatocyte TGF-β1 production and secretion.
conclusionTGF-β1 acts on HSC surface, where it binds to TGF-βRI to stimulate the production of hepatic fibrosis cysts via TGF-β1/TGFβRI/Smad. Blocking TGF-β1 linking to the TGFβRI receptor can lessen PSCs damage to liver cells, prevent fibrotic cyst formation, and activate the immune system in the body to kill invaders.
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