Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42414668›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026

Chemically synthesized, non-capped and non-polyadenylated peptide-coding RNA efficiently induces antigen-specific CD8

Julia Frei, David Eisel, Natalia Teresa Jarzebska, Mark Mellett, Ikra Gizem Yener, Marie Therese Abdou, Cécile Gouttefangeas, Lukas Flatz, Mustafa Diken, Thomas M Kündig and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Julia FreiDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2068-190X
David EiselBioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany.
Natalia Teresa JarzebskaDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
Mark MellettDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-167X
Ikra Gizem YenerBioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7020-0086
Marie Therese AbdouInstitute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Cécile GouttefangeasInstitute of Immunology, University and University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-2378
Lukas FlatzInstitute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Mustafa DikenBioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany.
Thomas M KündigDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
Ugur SahinBioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany. ugur.sahin@tron-mainz.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-1564
Steve PascoloDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland. steve.pascolo@usz.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-5576

Funding

EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) 965135
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recombinant in vitro-transcribed mRNA is broadly used for vaccination and is evaluated in numerous clinical studies for multiple indications. Typical features of mRNA are the 5' cap, 5' untranslated region, start and stop codons, 3' untranslated region and 3' poly(A) tail. Here, contrary to current dogma, we show that short, chemically synthesized RNA oligonucleotides lacking some or all of these features are efficiently translated when they encode epitopes recognized by CD8

Identifiers

PMID42414668

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.