ReviewAesthetic plastic surgery2026
From Etiology to Aesthetic Surgery: Mapping Knowledge Domains and Emerging Trends in Gynecomastia Research: 35-Year Bibliometric Analysis.
Review in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGynecomastia is a benign proliferation of glandular tissue in the male breast, with incidence rate of 30-60% among adolescents. Its etiology involves physiological hormonal fluctuations, pathological conditions, and pharmacologic factors. It causes psychological burdens like body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety. Traditional reviews can't synthesize numerous fragmented evidence, making objective and quantitative analysis needed.
methodThe Web of Science Core Collection (SCIE) was data source to search literature about "gynecomastia" from 1990 to December 2024. After PRISMA process and triple-blind screening by three plastic surgery doctors, 863 English original articles were included. Software like CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Excel were used for bibliometric and visual analysis.
resultResearch showed three-stage stepwise growth trend. The United States was core of research (203 publications, betweenness centrality of 0.37). High-productivity institutions were mostly comprehensive universities and specialized hospitals. Author collaboration was decentralized. Core journals focused on plastic surgery and endocrinology fields. 12 keyword clusters were identified. Clusters with latest average years were #0 chest remodeling, #8 androgen receptor, and #9 dietary supplements. The ongoing hot issues include "risk factors," "minimally invasive surgery," "endoscopic treatment," "hair removal," "crystallized phenol," "quality of life," "explanation minimally invasive treatment," and "efficacy."
conclusionThis study visually presents research landscape and developmental trends in the gynecomastia field since 1990. Future research should focus on cases about elderly population, establish multidisciplinary teams (MDT), strengthen real-world studies, resolve conflicts between individual experiences, esthetics, and traditional social gender norms, and explore new technologies' application like 3D printing and AI-assisted analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors. www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.