ArticleScientific reports2026
Metal organic framework functionalized reflective tapered fibre-optic surface plasmon resonance based refractometer for vapor sensing.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), such as ZIF-8, have been extensively studied for their gas adsorption and chemical sensing capabilities owing to their high surface area, porosity, and tunable host-guest interactions. The adsorption of a guest molecule modifies the effective refractive index of ZIF-8 through pore-filling effects, rendering it appropriate for optical sensing. In the present study, we investigate the design of a reflective tip-based tapered fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) platform functionalized with a ZIF-8 absorbing layer for the detection of chemical vapors. Experimentally measured, analyte-dependent refractive index changes of ZIF-8 are integrated into a Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) based reflective tapered FO-SPR model to systematically evaluate the influence of taper ratio on resonance wavelength, sensitivity, spectral broadening, and figure of merit for different vapor analytes. The analyte-dependent response towards tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethanol, and dimethylformamide (DMF) is analysed in terms of the refractometric modulation characteristics of ZIF-8 using the SPR transduction mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first theoretical investigation of MOF pore-filling dynamics within a reflective-tapered FO-SPR configuration. The sensor performance enhances significantly as the taper diameter decreases from 600 to 200 μm with sensitivity increasing from 9.38 to 10.76 nm/Volume Factor for THF and from 4.83 to 5.69 nm/Volume Factor for DMF. The operating range of the sensor is governed by the effective refractive index tunability of the ZIF-8 layer, which varies from 1.355 to 1.421, ensuring conditions necessary for SPR excitation relative to the fiber core. These results establish a fundamental framework for optical refractometric vapour sensing and provide practical design guidelines for MOF-functionalized tapered FO-SPR platforms.
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