Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42414326›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2026

A next-generation human lymphatic filariasis vaccine candidate, rBmHAXT, for clinical development.

Nithila Saravanan, Sean A Gray, Jennifer Davis, Conrad M Puff-Carter, Jiho Kim, Vishal Khatri, Nikhil Chauhan, Darrick Carter, Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nithila Saravanan *Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA.
Sean A Gray *PAI Life Sciences, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.
Jennifer DavisPAI Life Sciences, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.
Conrad M Puff-CarterPAI Life Sciences, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.
Jiho KimPAI Life Sciences, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.
Vishal KhatriDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA.
Nikhil ChauhanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA.
Darrick CarterPAI Life Sciences, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.
Ramaswamy KalyanasundaramDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA. ramswamy@uic.edu.

Funding

A Vaccine for Lymphatic Filariasis, LFGuard™R44AI140708 · NIAID · PAI LIFE SCIENCES, INC. · PI DARRICK Albert CARTER, RAMASWAMY KALYANASUNDARAM · 2020 to 2026
$5.2M
National Institutes of Allegy and Infectious Diseases 5R44AI140708NIAID NIH HHS R44 AI140708
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study was conducted to develop a robust, scalable manufacturing process for the candidate vaccine rBmHAXT for human lymphatic filariasis (LF). During scale-up production, rBmHAXT showed significant antigen aggregation leading to a loss of purified vaccine antigens. This project aims to create an improved formulation suitable for industrial-scale production while maintaining robust protection. We generated three variants: (1) ∆Cys, in which all cysteinyl residues were mutated to serinyl. (2) GS, which has a flexible glycine-serine linker inserted between each of the component antigens, and (3) GS/∆Cys, a third variant with a combination of both the cysteine deletion and the addition of linkers. We then evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of each variant in a mouse model. We demonstrated that the ΔCys mutant retained immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of the parent tag-free rBmHAXT protein. We also performed an accelerated stability study. All preparations remained stable at 4°C, and the ΔCys variant remained stable even at 25°C throughout the study (6 weeks). The ∆Cys protein was stable with equivalent potency in mice. Therefore, ∆Cys is an optimal candidate for progression to cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practices) manufacturing and human clinical trials as a vaccine for lymphatic filariasis.

Identifiers

PMID42414326
PMCPMC13499809

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.