ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2026
Prevalence and factors associated with bullying based on the Indonesian version of revised Olweus/Bully Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) among senior high school students.
Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSchool bullying among adolescents is a significant global public health concern, yet its prevalence and contributing factors in Indonesia remain largely unexplored. The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-r) is a widely recognised tool for assessing school bullying and is currently available in Bahasa. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of bullying victimisation among senior high school (SHS) students using the Indonesian version of OBVQ-r.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in two public SHS and four private SHS. Participants completed an online questionnaire, including the OBVQ-r, on their mobile phones. Subjects on routine medication or with physical disabilities were excluded.
resultsA total of 1875 high school students were included in this study and 210 were excluded. The prevalence of high school students involved in bullying at school was 10.7% (179 participants), comprising 148 (82.7%) as victims, 29 (16.2%) as perpetrators and 2 (1.1%) as both victims and perpetrators. Participants who reported having a poor relationship with their primary caregiver (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.2; 95% CI 1.5 to 3.3; p<0.001) and those who did not have close friends (aOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.5; p<0.001) were at a higher risk of being involved in bullying.
conclusionThe prevalence of bullying in high school students was 10.7%. Relationship with primary caregiver and number of close friends are associated with involvement in bullying at school.
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