ArticleSleep2026
Nocturnal features and daytime characteristics in narcolepsy: reliability and diagnostic relevance for NT1 Versus NT2.
Article in Sleep, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of TAK-861 for the Treatment of Narcolepsy With Cataplexy (Narcolepsy Type 1)
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of TAK-861 for the Treatment of Narcolepsy Without Cataplexy (Narcolepsy Type 2)
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7 authors.
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Abstract
STUDY
objectivesAssess test-retest reliability of nighttime sleep and daytime maintenance of wakefulness tests (MWTs) over a short time interval in drug-free individuals with narcolepsy; evaluate the diagnostic utility of features with good reliability.
methodsWe analyzed the placebo arms from clinical trials in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1; n = 17; NCT05687903) and narcolepsy type 2 (NT2; n = 19; NCT05687916). Participants visited the clinic three times, four weeks apart, which included nocturnal polysomnography (nPSG) and MWT the following day. From the nPSG and daytime MWT, we derived 440 features and assessed test-retest reliability, visit effects, and NT1-NT2 differences.
resultsQuantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) showed high reliability, with the top 10 features showing reliability >0.88; the 10 most reliable hypnogram features ranged from 0.68-0.78. qEEG and MWT sleep onset latencies (SOLs) were less reliable in NT2. N1 percentage, stage shift index, and wake after sleep onset were reliable and differed between diagnoses (r = 0.54-0.75; higher in NT1, p < .05). MWT SOLs at 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. demonstrated good reliability in NT1 (r = 0.89, 0.87) and differed between diagnoses (shorter in NT1; p = .037, .010). Hypnodensity Wake-REM mixtures were reliable (r = 0.83) and differed between diagnoses (higher in NT1, p = .001).
conclusionsqEEG features showed the strongest reliability but rarely distinguished diagnoses. Measures of sleep fragmentation and wakefulness reliably differentiated NT1 from NT2 and are practical for clinical assessments and trials. Hypnodensity features, though not yet used clinically, are reliable and may offer diagnostic value. NT2 exhibited greater variability in nighttime sleep and daytime wakefulness across visits.
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Registered trials
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