Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42412593›Full record

Observational studyInternal medicine journal2026

Increasing utilisation of intravenous iron among Australian women of reproductive age, 2013-2024: an Australian population-based study.

Gizat M Kassie, Hannah Jackson, Lisa Clarke, Kedir Gonete, Jenni Ilomaki, Clare L Whitehead, Tim Green, Luke E Grzeskowiak

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Internal medicine journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gizat M KassieFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-3771
Hannah JacksonFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Lisa ClarkeAustralian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Kedir GoneteFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Jenni IlomakiCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Clare L WhiteheadDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Tim GreenCaring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Luke E GrzeskowiakFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8554-4696

Funding

Channel 7 Children's Research Foundation CRF-210323
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUtilisation of intravenous iron is increasingly recognised as a viable option for treating iron deficiency, especially when oral iron is ineffective or intolerable. However, there are no updated data on the longitudinal trends of utilisation of intravenous iron among women of reproductive age (18-44) in Australia

aimsThe aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal trends of intravenous iron utilisation among Australian women aged 18-44 years.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study (2013-2024) using the 10% Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme dataset. We examined the longitudinal trends in the rate of intravenous iron dispensing and total dose dispensed for unique treatment episodes according to iron type and examined variation according to age group, state/territory, prescriber type and health care concession card status.

resultsThe rate of dispensed intravenous iron increased from 0.3 in 2013 to 5.0 per 100 women in 2024, with ferric carboxymaltose making up 93.9% of total claims. In 2024, one in 20 Australian women aged 18-44 years was dispensed intravenous iron. Total expenditure on intravenous iron increased from $1.1 million in 2013 to $82.3 million in 2024. Significant variation in type of intravenous iron and total treatment doses dispensed was evident according to age group, state/territory, concession card status and prescriber type.

conclusionsOverall rates and expenditure on intravenous iron among women of reproductive age have rapidly increased between 2013 and 2024, with high levels of practice variation evident. Identifying the underlying reasons for the observed variation in intravenous iron utilisation is warranted.

Indexed as

Anemia, Iron-DeficiencyIronAdministration, IntravenousAdolescentAdultAustraliaFemaleFerric CompoundsHumansMaltoseRetrospective StudiesYoung Adultferric carboxymaltoseFerric CompoundsIronMaltoseanaemiaintravenous/trends; iron deficiencyiron / administration & dosageiron deficiency/ drug therapyreproductive health

Identifiers

PMID42412593
PMCPMC13547900

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.