ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2026
Long-term cryostorage does not impair human sperm motility: evidence from a three-decade cohort study.
Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate whether long-term cryostorage duration affects post-thaw sperm motility and progressive motile concentration (PMC) in samples cryopreserved for up to 30 years.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of 629 donor sperm samples cryopreserved between 1990 and 2020 in a single university-affiliated andrology laboratory was conducted. Motility and PMC were assessed immediately after thawing (T0) and after extended storage (TES). Associations between storage duration and post-thaw changes were evaluated using correlation analysis, multivariable linear regression, and multilevel mixed-effects models with donor-level random effects. K-means clustering was applied to identify sperm quality phenotypes.
resultsTotal motility declined significantly following the freeze-thaw process (p < 0.001) but remained within clinically usable ranges after extended storage. Storage duration showed only a weak association with relative motility change (r = 0.169, p < 0.001), without a consistent duration-dependent trend in absolute post-thaw motility. PMC changes were modest and non-monotonic across storage groups. Multilevel models indicated that storage duration explained only a small proportion of variance in long-term outcomes. Cluster analysis identified distinct sperm quality phenotypes independent of storage duration.
conclusionsLong-term cryostorage of up to 30 years is not associated with substantial impairment of sperm motility or PMC. These findings support the stability of cryopreserved spermatozoa under prolonged storage conditions.
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