Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42411992›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2026

Predicting the Path to Attrition: Multidomain Risk Assessment in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Offloading Randomized Controlled Trials.

Aminreza Khandan, Mohammad Dehghan Rouzi, David G Armstrong, Bijan Najafi

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Aminreza KhandanDepartment of Surgery, Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-5045-1414
Mohammad Dehghan RouziDepartment of Surgery, Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-5123-0808
David G ArmstrongDepartment of Surgery, Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-1887-9175
Bijan NajafiDepartment of Surgery, Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-0320-8101

Funding

Improving the science of adherence reinforcement and safe mobility in people with diabetic foot ulcers using smart offloadingR01DK124789 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ARMSTRONG, DAVID GEORGE, NAJAFI, BIJAN · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases 1R01DK124789-01A1National Science Foundation IUCRC Center to Stream HealthCare in Place: C2SHIP 2052578National Science Foundation IUCRC Center to Stream HealthCare in Place: C2SHIP 2516857NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK124789Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Foundation 24-2261-A0001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo test whether measured baseline wound, functional, and psychosocial metrics predict attrition from a diabetic foot ulcer randomized controlled trial (RCT) using an offloading device. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsIn a 12-week RCT, participants were randomized to removable, removable plus education, or smart removable (feedback-enabled) boots. A secondary analysis projected baseline variables onto a unified attrition-risk scale using a normalization framework and radar visualization, with higher values indicating greater risk. Multivariable logistic regression estimated predictors; discrimination was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC).

resultsOf 210 participants, 76 (36%) withdrew or were lost to follow-up. Slower gait (odds ratio [OR] 1.16) and higher depressive symptoms (OR 1.52) independently predicted attrition. Integrated smart boot metrics demonstrated strong discrimination (AUC 0.81).

conclusionsBaseline clinical, functional, and psychosocial variables, integrated through risk-normalized radar visualization, may guide retention strategies. Lower withdrawal in the smart boot group may reflect reinforcement through real-time adherence reminders.

Indexed as

Diabetic FootAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk Assessment

Identifiers

PMID42411992
PMCPMC13493346

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.