Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42411038›Full record

ArticleGlobal spine journal2026

The First Wave: National Adoption and Economic Shifts of Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion in Hospital-Owned Ambulatory Surgery Centers.

Mitchell K Ng, Leonidas E Mastrokostas, Paul G Mastrokostas, Ilan Podolski, Mohamed Said, Rajendra Singh, Pemla Jagtiani, Alexander Kucherina, Masataka Mizuno, Jad Bou Monsef and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Global spine journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Mitchell K NgThomas Jefferson University Hospital, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5831-055X
Leonidas E MastrokostasDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-8926-3502
Paul G MastrokostasDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1196-517X
Ilan PodolskiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Mohamed SaidDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Rajendra SinghDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3308-5832
Pemla JagtianiDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6075-0255
Alexander KucherinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4423-9756
Masataka MizunoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Jad Bou MonsefDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Arya VarthiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.
Daniel R FassettAdventHealth, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Orlando, FL, USA.
Andrew P AlvarezAdventHealth, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Orlando, FL, USA.
Thomas D ChaThomas Jefferson University Hospital, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jose A CansecoThomas Jefferson University Hospital, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2152-5725
Alan S HilibrandThomas Jefferson University Hospital, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8811-9687
Alexander R VaccaroThomas Jefferson University Hospital, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Gregory D SchroederThomas Jefferson University Hospital, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Christopher K KeplerThomas Jefferson University Hospital, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Afshin E RaziDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Study DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.ObjectiveTo evaluate national trends in utilization and inflation-adjusted charges for single-level posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) performed in hospital-owned ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs).MethodsThe National Ambulatory Surgery Sample was queried from 2016 to 2022 for adult ASC encounters with CPT 22600, corresponding to single-level posterior cervical fusion. Survey-weighted methods estimated national volumes and modeled adjusted charges using generalized linear models. Statistical significance was set at

Indexed as

ambulatory surgery centerhealthcare chargesnational ambulatory surgery sampleposterior cervical decompression and fusionregional variationutilization trends

Identifiers

PMID42411038
PMCPMC13341679

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.