A meta-synthesis of qualitative research on negative body image among female breast cancer patients: Perceptions, stigma, and identity negotiation.

backgroundNegative body image is a consistently reported psychosocial concern among female breast cancer (BC) survivors, yet the full scope of their lived experiences across different cultural and clinical contexts has not been comprehensively synthesized. A deeper understanding of how women perceive and navigate body image disturbances following diagnosis and treatment is essential for developing responsive supportive care.

methodsTen databases were systematically searched for relevant publications published up to June 2025. Eligible studies explored the body image experiences of adult female patients diagnosed with BC through qualitative research. The Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research was used for quality evaluation, and the results were integrated using thematic analysis.

resultsNineteen studies were included. From these studies, 40 distinct findings (e.g., significant statements, themes, or concepts reported by the original study authors) were extracted and subsequently synthesized into 12 subthemes and 4 main themes: physical changes and how they affect self-image, dealing with others' judgments and social challenges, rebuilding a positive self-image, and body image problems and intimate relationships.

conclusionIndividuals who have survived BC often experience significant disturbances in their body image. These disturbances are characterized by disruption of identity, social stigma, relational strain, and efforts to achieve self-acceptance and create a meaningful existence. These findings emphasize the necessity for early psychosocial assessment, targeted interventions such as mirror exposure therapy, and the development of multilevel support systems to enhance body image adjustment and overall quality of life in survivorship care.