ArticleMedicine2026
The association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and Parkinson disease, integrating data from global burden of disease study and NHANES databases.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) has become a public health issue. Our aim is to explore the global, regional, and national burden of PD and analyze the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and PD, providing recommendations for PD prevention and control. On the basis of latest Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data, we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of PD globally and assessed the changing trend of the PD burden using Joint regression analysis. Employing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2005-2018), we used logistic regression analyses to explore the association between NLR and PD. Global Burden of Disease Study data indicated that the global incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year of PD showed an overall upward trend from 1990 to 2021. In 2021, among over 200 countries and regions, the incidence rate, morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year of PD in the United States were relatively high. On the basis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, after adjusting for covariates, the PD risk in the Q4 NLR group increased by 1.73 times compared with the Q1 group (odds ratio = 2.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.70-4.37, P < .001). Moreover, there was a significant linear relationship between NLR and PD risk. Over the past 30 years, the global burden of PD has increased, with a higher burden in developed regions. Elevated NLR was significantly correlated with a higher PD risk.
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