Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42410624›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2026

Psychometric evaluation of the Questionnaire of Life Satisfaction (FLZ

Tamara Schwinn, Judith Hirschmiller, Elmar Brähler, Jörg Wiltink, Rüdiger Zwerenz, Manfred E Beutel, Mareike Ernst, Lina Krakau

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Article in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tamara SchwinnDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany. Tamara.Schwinn@unimedizin-mainz.de.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3190-4615
Judith HirschmillerDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
Elmar BrählerDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
Jörg WiltinkDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
Rüdiger ZwerenzDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
Manfred E BeutelDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
Mareike Ernst *Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
Lina Krakau *Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveLife satisfaction is a key construct within the salutogenetic framework of health and requires reliable assessment tools for research and clinical practice. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the widely used Questionnaire of Life Satisfaction (FLZ

methodsA total of N = 2,503 (53.10 % female) participants from a representative German population sample completed the questionnaire alongside measures of sociodemographic variables, depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, and mood. Item and scale characteristics, as well as internal consistency, were examined. The hypothesized two-factor structure (satisfaction and importance) was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was assessed across gender, age groups, and the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Group differences and criterion validity were analyzed.

resultsThe revised two-factor model, including correlated residuals for identical life domains, demonstrated improved fit compared to the proposed model. Internal consistency was good for both subscales (McDonald's ω = .87 for the total scale). Measurement invariance was supported across all examined groups. As expected, life satisfaction was negatively correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, and negative mood states, and positively correlated with vigor.

conclusionThe FLZ

Indexed as

Personal SatisfactionPsychometricsAdolescentAdultAgedAnxietyDepressionFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSuicidal IdeationSurveys and QuestionnairesFactor analysisFLZLife satisfactionPsychometric evaluationValidation

Identifiers

PMID42410624
PMCPMC13339703

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.