Observational studyReproductive health2026
Menstrual health and health-related quality of life in Spain: a multicenter cross-sectional study.
Observational study in Reproductive health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMenstrual health plays a crucial role in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, there is a gap addressing HRQoL in relation to broader aspects of menstrual health definition. This study aims to analyse the relationship between menstrual health and self-reported health-related quality of life in women and people who menstruate (PWM) ≥ 18 years in five regions of Spain (Andalusia, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Catalonia, and Galicia).
methodsA cross-sectional survey-based study with gender perspective was conducted. Thirty-two healthcare centres took part in the study across five regions of Spain between May and September 2023. Participants were women and PWM aged 18 or over with at least one menstruation in the last 6 months. Self-reported sociodemographic, menstrual health and HRQoL variables (using EQ-5D-5 L scale) were collected. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were performed. EQ-VAS scale was employed to perform sensitivity analyses.
resultsA total of 1,381 women and PWM were included (Mean age = 34.63, SD = 10.06). The mean of EQ-5D-5 L index was 0.88 (SD = 0.13) and EQ-VAS was 73.63 (SD = 22.60). Several menstrual health variables were significantly associated with lower HRQoL. The strongest associations were observed for high frequency of premenstrual symptoms (β= -0.144; 95%CI= -0.139 to -0.090), high impact of premenstrual symptoms (β= -0.071; 95%CI= -0.102 to -0.040), high impact on social participation during menstruation (β= -0.104; 95%CI= -0.128 to -0.080), moderate frequency of menstrual poverty (β= -0.054; 95%CI= -0.078 to -0.029) and menstrual pain intensity (β= -0.047; 95%CI= -0.068 to -0.025).
conclusionsThese findings highlight the substantial impact of menstrual health on HRQoL, particularly in some EQ-5D-5 L domains (usual activities, anxiety/depression, and pain/discomfort). From a public health perspective, it is important to recognise menstrual health as a relevant component of overall well-being of women and PWM. Specifically paying greater attention to menstrual health relation to general pain, emotional health and participation in daily activities when designing health promotion and primary healthcare interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.