ArticleBMC women's health2026
Clinical evaluation of Candida albicans enolase 1 as a novel biomarker for vulvovaginal candidiasis: a pilot study demonstrating rule-out capability.
Article in BMC women's health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects approximately 75% of women during their lifetime, yet current diagnostic methods have limitations. This pilot study evaluated Candida albicans enolase 1 (CaEno1) as a diagnostic biomarker for C. albicans-associated VVC, with a view to informing future point-of-care test (POCT) development.
methodsA total of 131 vaginal secretion samples were collected from patients presenting with vulvovaginal symptoms at a gynecology department. Samples underwent routine microscopic examination, fungal culture, and CaEno1 detection using a previously developed double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAbS-ELISA) with sensitivity of 0.33 ng/mL. ROC curve analysis determined optimal diagnostic performance parameters.
resultsAmong 131 samples, 33 (25.2%) showed positive fungal growth, with C. albicans predominating (72.7% of positive cultures). CaEno1 levels were significantly higher in C. albicans-positive samples compared to negative samples (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001). ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.727 (95% CI: 0.613-0.842). At an optimal cutoff value of 0.052 optical density units at 450 nm (OD450), the assay demonstrated 70.8% sensitivity, 78.5% specificity, 42.5% positive predictive value (PPV), and 92.3% negative predictive value (NPV).
conclusionThis study provides the first clinical evidence that CaEno1 can be detected in vaginal secretions and suggests potential rule-out utility for Candida-associated VVC in settings where C. albicans predominates. The favorable NPV observed in this cohort supports its potential use as a screening tool in comparable clinical settings, though cross-reactivity with non-albicans species warrants cautious interpretation alongside clinical findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.