Trial reportBMC pediatrics2026
Effects of tablet-based augmented reality on anxiety, fear, and pain during venipuncture in children: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06575816 (Effect of Augmented Reality on Pain, Anxiety and Fear During Blood Collection in Children), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Augmented Reality on Pain, Anxiety and Fear During Blood Collection in Children: Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different tablet-based augmented reality (AR) applications on anxiety, fear, and pain during venipuncture in children aged 5-12 years. DESIGN AND
methodsA prospective, three-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in the pediatric blood draw unit of a university hospital. Children were randomly assigned to one of three groups: AR Group A, AR Group B, or usual care (control). Anxiety and fear were assessed before and after venipuncture using the Children's Anxiety Meter-State and the Child Fear Scale, respectively. Post-procedural pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Outcomes were independently reported by children, parents, and nurses. Repeated measures ANOVA and Welch ANOVA were used for statistical analyses.
resultsA total of 120 children (40 per group) were included in the final analysis. Baseline characteristics were comparable across groups. Both AR intervention groups demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety and fear from pre- to post-venipuncture compared with the control group (p < .001). Significant time, group, and time × group effects were observed for both outcomes. Post-procedural pain scores were significantly lower in the AR groups than in the control group across child-, parent-, and nurse-reported assessments (p < .001).
conclusionsTablet-based augmented reality interventions effectively reduced anxiety, fear, and pain during venipuncture in children. These findings suggest that AR represents a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing procedural distress in pediatric nursing practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Augmented reality applications delivered via tablet computers can be easily integrated into routine pediatric nursing care and may enhance children's procedural experiences during venipuncture without disrupting standard clinical workflows.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06575816. Retrospectively registered 16 August 2024.
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