ArticleBMC oral health2026
Effects of lower central incisors's biomechanics at different mixed dentition stages using clear aligners for deep overbite treatment: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effects of various intrusion modes on the movement trends and stress distribution of lower teeth at different stages in lower central incisors during deep overbite in mixed dentition treated with clear aligners.
methodsThree-dimensional finite element models were constructed to represent lower central incisors at different stages of Demirjian classification (stages F, G and H). Three protocols were designed to intrude lower central incisors (intrusion modes I, II and III). The analysis was conducted on the movement trends and stress distribution of the lower teeth.
resultsRegardless of root developmental stages of lower central incisors, the trend of mesial and labial movements were observed during the intrusion process. The stress in the periodontal membranes was primarily concentrated at the labial neck and lingual root apex of the lower anterior incisors. At stages F and G, intrusion mode III exhibited the most obvious movement trend along the intrusion direction. Conversely, intrusion mode I demonstrated the most significant movement trend in the stage H.
conclusionThe displacement observed along the Z-axis (intrusion direction) was greatest for Mode III at stages F/G, and greatest for Mode I at stage H. Therefore, the factors such as the development of teeth roots, intrusion amount and modes should be fully considered for a reasonable design in clinic, which could improve the treatment efficiency.
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