Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42410321›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Efficacy and Safety of Tubeless Hybrid Closed-Loop Systems in Type 1 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Mengyun Lei, Qiongyan Lin, Yongwen Zhou, Ying Ni, Ziqing Lin, Ping Ling, Zhe Dai, Jun Tang, Jinhua Yan

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mengyun LeiDepartment of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7062-0147
Qiongyan LinDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.
Yongwen ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0558-6712
Ying NiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.
Ziqing LinDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.
Ping LingDepartment of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9889-5812
Zhe DaiDepartment of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0321-0225
Jun TangDepartment of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Jinhua YanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6392-1163

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82501081Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508200Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0508203
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

methodsWe searched Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase from inception to April 1

resultsFour RCTs involving 514 participants were included. The mean age was 32.3 ± 15.7 years, with a mean T1D duration of 14.7 ± 11.1 years, and with mean baseline HbA1c 8.0% ± 1.0%. Three studies compared tubeless HCL with SAP, and one with MDI + CGM. Compared with SC, tubeless HCL improved TIR (MD = 15.31%, 95% CI [7.67%, 22.95%], I

conclusionsThe available evidence suggests that tubeless HCL systems may improve glycaemic control without increasing insulin dose or short-term safety risks. Head-to-head trials using identical algorithms are needed to isolate form-factor-specific effects.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsAdultBlood GlucoseContinuous Glucose MonitoringDiabetic KetoacidosisGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansHypoglycemiaRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinautomated insulin deliveryglycaemic outcomesmeta‐analysistubelesstype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42410321
PMCPMC13448892

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.