Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42409972›Full record

ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026

Comparing necrotizing enterocolitis risk among extremely preterm infants by use of human-milk or bovine-milk-based fortifier.

Randhir Yadav, Sireesha Nandula, Henry Zapata, Shumneva Shrestha, Vasantha H S Kumar, Shiva Gautam, Mark L Hudak, Sanket D Shah

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Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Randhir YadavDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine - Gainesville, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Sireesha NandulaDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Henry ZapataDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Shumneva ShresthaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Vasantha H S KumarDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-2608
Shiva GautamDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Mark L HudakDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-3522
Sanket D ShahDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA. sdshah_5@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-0156

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among extremely premature infants (EPI: gestational age <28 weeks) fed a base exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) as a function of human-milk fortifier (human milk-based: HM-HMF or bovine milk-based: BM-HMF). STUDY

designRetrospective cohort of 703 EPI, 355 at Wolfson Children's Hospital fed an EHMD with BM-HMF and 348 at UF Health Hospital fed an EHMD with HM-HMF fortification under similar feeding protocols. The outcomes of interest were NEC ≥ stage II, surgical NEC, and mortality.

resultsBaseline characteristics were similar between the groups. NEC occurred in 9.5% of HM-HMF and 6.5% of BM-HMF fortified EPI [adjusted OR: 1.48 (0.83-2.63); p = 0.18]. Similarly, no differences were found in rates of surgical NEC or mortality or age at NEC onset.

conclusionIn this large retrospective study in EPI, we did not detect any signal that fortification with HM-HMF reduced NEC incidence compared with BM-HMF supplementation.

Identifiers

PMID42409972

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.