ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026
Clinical characteristics, management, and short-term outcomes of neonatal epididymitis: a 15-year single-center retrospective study.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and short-term outcomes of neonatal epididymitis.
methodsA retrospective study was conducted of neonates diagnosed with epididymitis at a tertiary referral center between August 2009 and October 2024. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, microbiological results, treatment, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed.
resultsThirty neonates were included. The median gestational age was 39 weeks (IQR, 38.00-40.00 weeks), and the mean birth weight was 3.25 ± 0.64 kg. The median age at presentation was 9.5 days (IQR, 6.75-15.00 days). All patients presented with scrotal erythema and swelling, while fever occurred in 30.0% of cases. Right-sided involvement predominated (56.7%). Common local complications included hydrocele (66.7%), orchitis (43.3%), and scrotal abscess (20.0%). Systemic complications included hyperbilirubinemia (16.7%), neonatal pneumonia (13.3%), and sepsis (10.0%). Scrotal ultrasonography established the diagnosis in all patients. Urinalysis was performed in 19 infants, all of whom had normal results. Among 11 patients who underwent culture testing, 4 yielded positive results, including Escherichia coli (n = 2), Kluyvera ascorbata (n = 1), and Salmonella Hillingdon. (n = 1). Four infants underwent incision and drainage because of abscess formation. During follow-up (median, 13 months), no obvious testicular atrophy or recurrence was observed.
conclusionNeonatal epididymitis is a rare condition often associated with local complications such as orchitis and hydrocele, as well as systemic infections. A normal urinalysis does not exclude the diagnosis. Early ultrasonography plays a crucial role for differentiating epididymitis from testicular torsion and may help avoid unnecessary surgical exploration.
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